COVINGTON, La., Aug. 1, 2018 /PRNewswire/ -- Hornbeck Offshore Services, Inc. (NYSE:HOS) announced today results for the second quarter ended June 30, 2018.  Following is an executive summary for this period and the Company's future outlook:

• 2Q2018 revenues were $58.4 million, an increase of $16.8 million, or 40%, from 1Q2018 revenues of $41.6 million
• 2Q2018 diluted EPS was $(0.67), an improvement of $0.37 from 1Q2018 diluted EPS of $(1.04)
• 2Q2018 net loss was $(25.1) million, an improvement of $13.6 million from 1Q2018 net loss of $(38.7) million
• 2Q2018 EBITDA was $11.2 million, an increase of $18.4 million, or 256%, from 1Q2018 EBITDA of $(7.2) million
• 2Q2018 average new gen OSV dayrates were $19,566, a sequential increase of $1,581, or 9%
• 2Q2018 effective new gen OSV dayrates were $5,283, a sequential increase of $1,560, or 42%
• 2Q2018 utilization of the Company's new gen OSV fleet was 27%, up from 21% sequentially
• 2Q2018 effective utilization of the Company's active new gen OSVs was 76%, up from 71% sequentially
• The Company currently has 40 OSVs and one MPSV stacked and expects to have 39 OSVs and one MPSV stacked at the end of 3Q2018
• In May 2018, the Company closed the acquisition of four high-spec OSVs and other related assets from Aries Marine for $40.9 million in cash
• Quarter-end cash was $109 million, down from $171 million sequentially, with $62 million of newbuild growth capex remaining to be funded
• 2Q2018 total liquidity (cash and credit availability) of $246 million represents a decrease of $62 million, or 20%, from 1Q2018

The Company recorded a net loss for the second quarter of 2018 of $(25.1) million, or $(0.67) per diluted share, compared to a net loss of $(19.5) million, or $(0.53) per diluted share, for the second quarter of 2017; and a net loss of $(38.7) million, or $(1.04) per diluted share, for the first quarter of 2018.  Included in the Company's year-ago quarter results is a $15.5 million ($10.5 million after-tax or $0.29 per diluted share) net gain on early extinguishment of debt resulting from the repurchase of a portion of the Company's 1.500% Convertible Senior Notes due 2019 and 5.875% Senior Notes due 2020, offset in part by the write-off of certain related deal costs, unamortized financing costs and original issue discount.  Excluding the impact of such net gain on early extinguishment of debt, net loss and diluted EPS for the second quarter of 2017 would have been $(30.0) million and $(0.82) per share, respectively.  Diluted common shares for the second quarter of 2018 were 37.5 million compared to 36.8 million and 37.3 million for the second quarter of 2017 and the first quarter of 2018, respectively.  GAAP requires the use of basic shares outstanding for diluted EPS when reporting a net loss.  EBITDA for the second quarter of 2018 was $11.2 million compared to $12.2 million for the second quarter of 2017 and $(7.2) million for the first quarter of 2018.  Excluding the net gain on early extinguishment of debt in the second quarter of 2017, prior-year EBITDA would have been $(3.3) million.  For additional information regarding EBITDA as a non-GAAP financial measure, please see Note 10 to the accompanying data tables.

Revenues.  Revenues were $58.4 million for the second quarter of 2018, an increase of $21.0 million, or 56.1%, from $37.4 million for the second quarter of 2017; and an increase of $16.8 million, or 40.4%, from $41.6 million for the first quarter of 2018.  The year-over-year increase in revenues primarily resulted from improved market conditions for the Company's MPSVs and, to a lesser extent, increased revenues from its OSVs.  The sequential increase in revenues was primarily attributable to higher average dayrates and utilization across the Company's active fleet of OSVs and, to a lesser extent, seasonally-improved market conditions for the MPSV fleet.  As of June 30, 2018, the Company had 40 OSVs stacked.  For the three months ended June 30, 2018, the Company had an average of 42.0 vessels stacked compared to 42.5 vessels stacked in the prior-year quarter and 44.0 vessels stacked in the sequential quarter.  Operating loss was $(15.6) million, or (26.7)% of revenues, for the second quarter of 2018 compared to an operating loss of $(31.3) million, or (83.7)% of revenues, for the prior-year quarter; and an operating loss of $(33.9) million, or (81.4)% of revenues, for the first quarter of 2018.  Average new generation OSV dayrates for the first quarter of 2018 were $19,566 compared to $17,202 for the same period in 2017 and $17,985 for the first quarter of 2018.  New generation OSV utilization was 27.0% for the second quarter of 2018 compared to 22.3% for the year-ago quarter and 20.7% for the sequential quarter.  Excluding stacked vessel days, the Company's new generation OSV effective utilization was 76.0%, 66.6% and 71.3% for the same periods, respectively.  Utilization-adjusted, or effective, new generation OSV dayrates for the first quarter of 2018 were $5,283 compared to $3,836 for the same period in 2017 and $3,723 for the first quarter of 2018. 

Operating Expenses.  Operating expenses were $34.9 million for the second quarter of 2018, an increase of $3.5 million, or 11.1%, from $31.4 million for the second quarter of 2017; and a decrease of $1.1 million, or 3.1%, from $36.0 million for the first quarter of 2018.  The year-over-year increase in operating expenses was primarily due to four vessels that were acquired in the second quarter of 2018 and a higher number of active vessels in the Company's fleet during the three months ended June 30, 2018.  The sequential decrease in operating expenses was primarily due to lower contract-specific cost-of-sales expenses associated with the Company's MPSV fleet and lower maintenance and repair expense, partially offset by costs related to vessels added to its fleet during the second quarter of 2018. 

General and Administrative ("G&A").  G&A expense was $12.2 million for the second quarter of 2018 compared to $9.4 million for the second quarter of 2017; and $12.9 million for the first quarter of 2018.  The year-over-year increase in G&A expense was primarily attributable to higher professional fees, short-term incentive compensation and long-term incentive compensation expense.  Long-term incentive compensation was higher due to a "mark-to-market" adjustment required by GAAP on cash-settled awards to reflect the increase in the Company's stock price during the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to a decrease in the Company's stock price during the three months ended June 30, 2017.  These unfavorable variances were partially offset by lower bad debt reserves.  The sequential decrease in G&A expense was primarily due to lower long-term incentive compensation expense resulting from a change in mix of cash-settled versus equity-settled long-term incentive awards and accelerated expense for awards granted to retirement-eligible employees in the first quarter of 2018.

Depreciation and Amortization.  Depreciation and amortization expense was $26.9 million for the second quarter of 2018, or $1.0 million lower than the year-ago quarter and $0.3 million higher than the sequential quarter.  Depreciation expense was in-line with the prior-year and sequential quarters.  Amortization expense decreased by $1.0 million from the year-ago quarter, driven by postponed recertifications for certain of the Company's stacked OSVs.  Amortization expense increased $0.3 million from the sequential quarter, primarily related to the amortization of commercial-related intangible assets associated with the acquisition of four high-spec OSVs from Aries Marine Corporation.  However, amortization expense is expected to increase in fiscal 2019 as a result of currently active vessels that were placed in service under the Company's fifth OSV newbuild program commencing their initial intermediate drydock or special survey.  The Company also expects amortization expense to increase whenever market conditions warrant reactivation of currently stacked vessels, which will then require the Company to drydock such vessels and, thereafter, to revert back to historical levels.

Interest Expense.  Interest expense was $16.4 million during the second quarter of 2018, which was $3.0 million higher than the same period in 2017.  The increase was primarily due to the Company not capitalizing any construction period interest during the second quarter of 2018 compared to $2.5 million, or roughly 16%, of its total interest costs for the year-ago quarter.

Six Month Results

Revenues for the first six months of 2018 increased 22.7% to $100.0 million compared to $81.5 million for the same period in 2017.  Operating loss was $(49.4) million, or (49.4)% of revenues, for the first six months of 2018 compared to an operating loss of $(57.8) million, or (70.9)% of revenues, for the prior-year period.  Net loss for the first six months of 2018 increased $16.3 million to a net loss of $(63.7) million, or $(1.70) per diluted share, compared to a net loss of $(47.4) million, or $(1.29) per diluted share, for the first six months of 2017.  EBITDA for the first six months of 2018 decreased 71.0% to $4.0 million compared to $13.8 million for the first six months of 2017.  Included in the Company's results for the first six months of 2017 was (i) a $15.5 million gain on early extinguishment of debt, (ii) a $9.4 million redelivery fee related to the completion of a long-term contract for one of the Company's OSVs, and (iii) a $3.8 million increase in G&A expense resulting from additional bad debt reserves.  Excluding the net impact of these three items, net loss, diluted EPS and EBITDA for the first six months of 2017 would have been $(61.8) million, $(1.69) per share and $(7.3) million, respectively.  The year-over-year increase in vessel revenues is attributable to seasonally-improved market conditions for the Company's MPSVs and, to a lesser extent, increased revenues from its OSVs.  For the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company had an average of 43.0 vessels stacked compared to 44.2 vessels stacked in the prior-year period.

Recent Development Update

On May 18, 2018, the Company completed its previously announced acquisition of four high-spec OSVs from Aries Marine Corporation and certain of its affiliates for $40.9 million in cash, inclusive of $4.3 million of related vessel equipment, certain commercial-related intangibles, the cost of fuel and lube inventory and transaction fees.  The acquired vessels are 100% U.S.-flagged and are comprised of two 280 class OSVs and two 300 class OSVs, all of which have a DP-2 designation.  The two 280 class OSVs were built in 2014 and 2015, respectively, and have capacities of approximately 3,800 DWT and 13,000 barrels of liquid mud.  The two 300 class OSVs were built in 2010 and 2011, respectively, and have capacities of approximately 5,500 DWT and 19,500 barrels of liquid mud.  The acquisition was fully funded with cash on hand.  In accordance with the terms of the Company's First-Lien Credit Facility, the vessels were pledged as additional collateral against that facility.

Future Outlook

Based on the key assumptions outlined below and in the attached data tables, the following statements reflect management's current expectations regarding future operating results and certain events during the Company's guidance period as set forth on pages 12 and 13 of this press release.  These statements are forward-looking and actual results may differ materially, particularly given the volatility inherent in, and the currently depressed conditions of, the Company's industry.  Other than as expressly stated, these statements do not include the potential impact of any significant further change in commodity prices for oil and natural gas; any additional future repositioning voyages; any additional stacking or reactivation of vessels; unexpected vessel repairs or shipyard delays; or future capital transactions, such as vessel acquisitions, modifications or divestitures, business combinations, possible share or note repurchases or financings that may be commenced after the date of this disclosure.  Additional cautionary information concerning forward-looking statements can be found on page 9 of this news release.

Forward Guidance

The Company's forward guidance for selected operating and financial data, outlined below and in the attached data tables, reflects the current state of commodity prices and planned decreases in the capital spending budgets of its customers. 

Vessel Counts.  As of June 30, 2018, the Company's fleet of owned vessels consisted of 66 new generation OSVs and eight MPSVs.  The forecasted vessel counts presented in this press release reflect the four-vessel acquisition discussed above and the two MPSV newbuilds expected to be delivered during fiscal 2019, as discussed below.  With an average of 40.7 new generation OSVs and 0.7 MPSVs projected to be stacked during fiscal 2018, the Company's active fleet for 2018 is expected to be comprised of an average of 23.8 new generation OSVs and 7.3 MPSVs.  With an assumed average of 38.0 new generation OSVs projected to be stacked during fiscal 2019, the Company's active fleet for 2019 is expected to be comprised of an average of 28.0 new generation OSVs and 9.0 MPSVs. 

Operating Expenses.  Aggregate cash operating expenses are projected to be in the range of $35.0 million to $40.0 million for the third quarter of 2018, and $140.0 million to $150.0 million for the full-year 2018.  Reflected in the cash opex guidance ranges above are the anticipated continuing results of several cost containment measures initiated by the Company since the fourth quarter of 2014 due to prevailing market conditions, including, among other actions, the stacking of vessels on various dates from October 1, 2014 through June 30, 2018, as well as company-wide headcount reductions and across-the-board pay-cuts for shoreside and vessel personnel.  The Company plans to reactivate one 300 class OSV during the third quarter of 2018 and one 240 class OSV during the fourth quarter of 2018.  The Company may choose to stack or reactivate additional vessels as market conditions warrant.  The cash operating expense estimate above is exclusive of any additional repositioning expenses the Company may incur in connection with the potential relocation of more of its vessels into international markets or back to the GoM, and any customer-required cost-of-sales related to future contract fixtures that are typically recovered through higher dayrates.

G&A Expense.  G&A expense is expected to be in the approximate range of $12.0 million to $14.0 million for the third quarter of 2018, and $48.0 million to $53.0 million for the full fiscal year 2018.  

Other Financial Data.  Quarterly depreciation, amortization, net interest expense, cash income taxes, cash interest expense, weighted-average basic shares outstanding and weighted-average diluted shares outstanding for the third quarter of 2018 are projected to be $24.8 million, $2.6 million, $13.5 million, $0.1 million, $15.6 million, 37.6 million and 37.9 million, respectively.  As a reminder, please note that GAAP requires the use of basic shares outstanding for diluted EPS when reporting a net loss.  Guidance for depreciation, amortization, net interest expense, cash income taxes and cash interest expense for the full fiscal years 2018 and 2019 is provided on page 13 of this press release.  The Company's annual effective tax benefit rate is expected to be between 18.0% and 20.0% for fiscal years 2018 and 2019. 

Capital Expenditures Outlook

Update on OSV Newbuild Program #5.  During the first quarter of 2018, the Company notified the shipyard that it was terminating the construction contracts for the final two vessels under the Company's nearly completed 24-vessel domestic newbuild program due to performance issues at the shipyard.  The Company continues to work with the issuer of the shipyard's performance bonds in order to complete the construction of the vessels at a completion yard.  As of the date of termination, these two remaining vessels, both of which are 400 class MPSVs, were projected to be delivered in the second and third quarters of 2019, respectively.  In the event that the Company is unable to reach an agreement on completion of these vessels promptly, delivery dates may be extended beyond the current projections.  The remaining shipyard contract price to be paid by the Company as of the date of termination for both vessels was approximately $53.7 million, before application of liquidated damages and other deductions allowed by the contracts.  The Company also expects to incur an additional $8.1 million of budgeted project costs post-delivery for final outfitting of the vessels and for installation and commissioning of the cranes.

The Company owns 66 new generation OSVs and eight MPSVs as of June 30, 2018.  Based on the projected MPSV in-service dates, the Company expects to own eight and ten MPSVs as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2019, respectively.  These vessel additions result in a projected average MPSV fleet complement of 8.0, 9.0 and 10.0 vessels for the fiscal years 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively.  The aggregate cost of the Company's fifth OSV newbuild program, excluding construction period interest, is expected to be approximately $1,335.0 million, of which $17.5 million and $44.8 million are currently expected to be incurred in the full fiscal years 2018 and 2019, respectively.  However, the timing of these remaining construction draws remains subject to change commensurate with any potential further delays in the delivery dates of the final two newbuild vessels as discussed above.  From the inception of this program through June 30, 2018, the Company has incurred $1,273.2 million, or 95.4%, of total project costs, including $0.1 million that was spent during the second quarter of 2018.  The Company expects to incur newbuild project costs of $9.5 million during the third quarter of 2018.

Update on Maintenance Capital Expenditures.  Please refer to the attached data table on page 12 of this press release for a summary, by period and by vessel type, of historical and projected data for drydock downtime (in days) and maintenance capital expenditures for each of the quarterly and/or annual periods presented for the fiscal years 2017, 2018 and 2019.  Maintenance capital expenditures, which are recurring in nature, primarily include regulatory drydocking charges incurred for the recertification of vessels and other vessel capital improvements that extend or maintain a vessel's economic useful life.  The Company expects that its maintenance capital expenditures for its fleet of vessels will be approximately $22.2 million and $29.7 million for the full fiscal years 2018 and 2019, respectively.  These cash outlays are expected to be incurred over approximately 371 and 497 days of aggregate commercial downtime in 2018 and 2019, respectively, during which the applicable vessels will not earn revenue. 

Update on Other Capital Expenditures.  Please refer to the attached data tables on page 12 of this press release for a summary, by period, of historical and projected data for other capital expenditures, for each of the quarterly and/or annual periods presented for the fiscal years 2017, 2018 and 2019.  Other capital expenditures, which are generally non-recurring, are comprised of the following: (i) commercial-related capital expenditures, including vessel improvements, such as the addition of cranes, ROVs, helidecks, living quarters and other specialized vessel equipment, or the modification of vessel capacities or capabilities, such as DP upgrades and mid-body extensions, which costs are typically included in and offset, in whole or in part, by higher dayrates charged to customers; and commercial-related intangibles; and (ii) non-vessel related capital expenditures, including costs related to the Company's shore-based facilities, leasehold improvements and other corporate expenditures, such as information technology or office furniture and equipment.  The Company expects miscellaneous commercial-related capital expenditures and non-vessel capital expenditures to be approximately $5.9 million and $0.5 million, respectively, for the full fiscal years 2018 and 2019, respectively. 

Liquidity Outlook

As of June 30, 2018, the Company's total liquidity (cash and credit availability) was $245.8 million, comprised of $109.1 million of cash and $136.7 million of availability under its First-Lien Credit Facility, which represents a decrease of $61.7 million, or 20.1%, from the end of the first quarter.  The Company projects that, even with the currently depressed operating levels, cash generated from operations together with cash on hand and remaining availability under its First-Lien Credit Facility should be sufficient to fund its operations and commitments through at least December 31, 2019.  However, absent the combination of a significant recovery of market conditions such that cash flow from operations were to increase materially from projected levels, coupled with a refinancing and/or further management of its funded debt obligations, the Company does not currently expect to have sufficient liquidity to repay the full amount of its 5.875% Senior Notes and 5.000% Senior Notes as they mature in fiscal years 2020 and 2021, respectively.  The Company remains fully cognizant of the challenges currently facing the offshore oil and gas industry and continues to review its capital structure and assess its strategic options.

Conference Call

The Company will hold a conference call to discuss its second quarter 2018 financial results and recent developments at 10:00 a.m. Eastern (9:00 a.m. Central) tomorrow, August 2, 2018. To participate in the call, dial (412) 902-0030 and ask for the Hornbeck Offshore call at least 10 minutes prior to the start time. To access it live over the Internet, please log onto the web at http://www.hornbeckoffshore.com, on the "Investors" homepage of the Company's website at least fifteen minutes early to register, download and install any necessary audio software.  Please call the Company's investor relations firm, Dennard-Lascar, at (713) 529-6600 to be added to its e-mail distribution list for future Hornbeck Offshore news releases. An archived version of the web cast will be available shortly after the call for a period of 60 days on the "Investors" homepage of the Company's website. Additionally, a telephonic replay will be available through August 16, 2018, and may be accessed by calling (201) 612-7415 and using the pass code 13681004#.

Attached Data Tables

The Company has posted an electronic version of the following four pages of data tables, which are downloadable in Microsoft Excel™ format, on the "Investors" homepage of the Hornbeck Offshore website for the convenience of analysts and investors.

In addition, the Company uses its website as a means of disclosing material non-public information and for complying with disclosure obligations under SEC Regulation FD. Such disclosures will be included on the Company's website under the heading "Investors." Accordingly, investors should monitor that portion of the Company's website, in addition to following the Company's press releases, SEC filings, public conference calls and webcasts.

Hornbeck Offshore Services, Inc. is a leading provider of technologically advanced, new generation offshore service vessels primarily in the Gulf of Mexico and Latin America. Hornbeck Offshore currently owns a fleet of 74 vessels primarily serving the energy industry and expects to add two ultra high-spec MPSV newbuilds to its fleet in 2019.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Press Release contains "forward-looking statements," as contemplated by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, in which the Company discusses factors it believes may affect its performance in the future. Forward-looking statements are all statements other than historical facts, such as statements regarding assumptions, expectations, beliefs and projections about future events or conditions. You can generally identify forward-looking statements by the appearance in such a statement of words like "anticipate," "believe," "continue," "could," "estimate," "expect," "forecast," "intend," "may," "might," "plan," "potential," "predict," "project," "remain," "should," "will," or other comparable words or the negative of such words. The accuracy of the Company's assumptions, expectations, beliefs and projections depends on events or conditions that change over time and are thus susceptible to change based on actual experience, new developments and known and unknown risks. The Company gives no assurance that the forward-looking statements will prove to be correct and does not undertake any duty to update them. The Company's actual future results might differ from the forward-looking statements made in this Press Release for a variety of reasons, including impacts from oil and natural gas prices in the U.S. and worldwide; continued weakness in demand and/or pricing for the Company's services through and beyond the maturity of any of the Company's long-term debt; unplanned customer suspensions, cancellations, rate reductions or non-renewals of vessel charters or vessel management contracts or failures to finalize commitments to charter or manage vessels; continued weak capital spending by customers on offshore exploration and development; the inability to accurately predict vessel utilization levels and dayrates; sustained weakness in the number of deepwater and ultra-deepwater drilling units operating in the GoM or other regions where the Company operates; the effect of inconsistency by the United States government in the pace of issuing drilling permits and plan approvals in the GoM or other drilling regions; any negative impact on the Company's ability to successfully complete the remainder of its current vessel newbuild program on-time or on-budget; the inability to successfully market the vessels that the Company owns, is constructing or might acquire; the government's cancellation or non-renewal of the management, operations and maintenance contracts for vessels; an oil spill or other significant event in the United States or another offshore drilling region that could have a broad impact on deepwater and other offshore energy exploration and production activities, such as the suspension of activities or significant regulatory responses; the imposition of laws or regulations that result in reduced exploration and production activities or that increase the Company's operating costs or operating requirements; environmental litigation that impacts customer plans or projects; disputes with customers; bureaucratic, administrative or operating barriers that delay vessels in foreign markets from going on-hire; administrative barriers to exploration and production activities in Brazil; disruption in the timing and/or extent of Mexican offshore activities due to the results of the recent presidential election or changes in law or policy; age or other restrictions imposed on the Company's vessels by customers; unanticipated difficulty in effectively competing in or operating in international markets; less than anticipated subsea infrastructure and field development demand in the GoM and other markets affecting the Company's MPSVs; sustained vessel over-capacity for existing demand levels in the markets in which the Company competes; economic and geopolitical risks; weather-related risks; upon a return to improved operating conditions, the shortage of or the inability to attract and retain qualified personnel, when needed, including vessel personnel for active vessels or vessels the Company may reactivate or acquire; any success in unionizing the Company's U.S. fleet personnel; regulatory risks; the repeal or administrative weakening of the Jones Act or adverse changes in the interpretation of the Jones Act; drydocking delays and cost overruns and related risks; vessel accidents, pollution incidents, or other events resulting in lost revenue, fines, penalties or other expenses that are unrecoverable from insurance policies or other third parties; unexpected litigation and insurance expenses; other industry risks; fluctuations in foreign currency valuations compared to the U.S. dollar and risks associated with expanded foreign operations, such as non-compliance with or the unanticipated effect of tax laws, customs laws, immigration laws, or other legislation that result in higher than anticipated tax rates or other costs; the possible loss or material limitation of the Company's tax net operating loss carryforwards and other attributes due to a change in control, as defined in Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code; or the inability of the Company to refinance or otherwise retire certain funded debt obligations that come due in 2019, 2020 and 2021; or the potential for any impairment charges that could arise in the future and that would reduce the Company's consolidated net tangible assets which, in turn, would further limit the Company's ability to grant certain liens, make certain investments, and incur certain debt under the Company's senior notes indentures and the New Credit Facility. In addition, the Company's future results may be impacted by adverse economic conditions, such as inflation, deflation, or lack of liquidity in the capital markets, that may negatively affect it or parties with whom it does business resulting in their non-payment or inability to perform obligations owed to the Company, such as the failure of customers to fulfill their contractual obligations or the failure by individual lenders to provide funding under the Company's New Credit Facility, if and when required.  Further, the Company can give no assurance regarding when and to what extent it will effect common stock or note repurchases.  Should one or more of the foregoing risks or uncertainties materialize in a way that negatively impacts the Company, or should the Company's underlying assumptions prove incorrect, the Company's actual results may vary materially from those anticipated in its forward-looking statements, and its business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected and, if sufficiently severe, could result in noncompliance with certain covenants of the Company's existing indebtedness. Additional factors that you should consider are set forth in detail in the "Risk Factors" section of the Company's most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K as well as other filings the Company has made and will make with the Securities and Exchange Commission which, after their filing, can be found on the Company's website www.hornbeckoffshore.com.

Regulation G Reconciliation

This Press Release also contains references to the non-GAAP financial measures of earnings, or net income, before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, or EBITDA, and Adjusted EBITDA. The Company views EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA primarily as liquidity measures and, therefore, believes that the GAAP financial measure most directly comparable to such measure is cash flows provided by operating activities. Reconciliations of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to cash flows provided by operating activities are provided in the table below. Management's opinion regarding the usefulness of EBITDA to investors and a description of the ways in which management uses such measure can be found in the Company's most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, as well as in Note 10 to the attached data tables.